Diploma In Pharmacy Subjects
- Pharmaceutics
- Pharmacognosy
- Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Pharmaceutical chemistry
- Social Pharmacy
Pharmaceutics Syllabus Introduction (As Per ER 2020)
Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design which deals with formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.
Why Pharmaceutics in this course ?
To give basic knowledge and skill on the art and science of formulating and dispensing different pharmaceutical dosage forms
Course Objectives
- Basic concepts, types and need
- Advantages and disadvantages, methods of preparation / formulation
- Packaging and labeling requirements
- Basic quality control tests, concepts of quality assurance and good manufacturing practices
INDEX DIVIDED INTO 5 PARTS
BASIC INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
- History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations.
- Pharmacy as a career
- Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, BP, USP, NF and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia
CHAPTER 2
- Packaging materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of :
-Glass,
-Plastic,
-Metal,
-Rubber as Packaging materials.
CHAPTER 3
- Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic agents (Coloring, flavoring, and sweetening Agents)
- Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses
UNIT OPERATIONS
CHAPTER 4
- Unit operations: Definition, objectives/applications, principles, construction, and workings of:
- Size reduction: hammer mill and ball mill
- Size separation: Classification of powders according to IP, Cyclone separator, Sieves and standards of sieves
- Mixing: Double cone blender, Turbine mixer, Triple roller mill and Silverson mixer homogenizer
- Filtration: Theory of filtration, membrane filter and sintered glass filter
- Drying: working of fluidized bed dryer and process of freeze drying
- Extraction: Definition, Classification, method, and applications
DOSAGE FORMS
CHAPTER 5
- Tablets – coated and uncoated, various modified tablets sustained release, extended-release, fast dissolving, multi-layered, etc.)
- Capsules – hard and soft gelatine capsules Liquid oral preparations – solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution
- Topical preparations – ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments and lotions, suppositories, and pessaries
- Nasal preparations, Ear preparations
- Powders and granules – Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders, and effervescent granules
- Sterile formulations – Injectables, eye drops and eye ointments
- Immunological products – Sera, vaccines, toxoids, and their manufacturing methods.
MANUFACTURING LAYOUT
CHAPTER 6
- Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants
- Quality control and quality assurance: Definition and concepts of quality control and quality assurance, current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), Introduction to the concept of calibration and validation
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 7
- Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, Classification with examples, advantages, and challenges
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PHARMACOGNOSY SYLLABUS INTRODUCTION
It is the study of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals and minerals and their constituents.
Why Pharmacognosy in this course ?
To give basic knowledge of crude drugs and understand the aspects of drug substances derived from natural resources
Course Objectives
- Occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests of common phytoconstituents
- Therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of various natural drug substances and
phytoconstituents - Biological source, chemical constituents of selected crude drugs and their therapeutic efficacy
in common diseases and ailments - Basic concepts in quality control of crude drugs and various system of medicines
- Applications of herbs in health foods and cosmetics
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
PHARMACOGNOSY AT A GLANCE
CHAPTER 2
HISTORY OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Definition, History, Present status and scope of Pharmacognosy.
CHAPTER 3
CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE DRUGS
- Alphabetical
- Taxonomical
- Morphological
- Pharmacological
- Chemical
- Chemo-taxonomical
CHAPTER 4
QUALITY CONTROL OF DRUGS
- Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs
- Evaluation of crude drugs
CHAPTER 5
CEMICAL NATURE OF CRUDE DRUGS
• Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic
activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils,
tannins and resins
CHAPTER 6
MORPHOLOGY OF CRUDE DRUGS
• Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the
following categories of crude drugs.
CHAPTER 7
PLANT FIBRES USED IN SURGICAL DRESSINGS
• Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres.
• Sutures- Surgical catgut and ligature
CHAPTER 8
TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
• Basic principle involved in the traditional systems of medicine like- Ayurveda, Siddha,
Unani and Homeopathy.
• Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like- Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila,
Churna, Lehya and Bhasma
CHAPTER 9
ROLE OF MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS IN NATIONAL ECONOMY
• Understand the role with respect to national economy and their export potential
CHAPTER 10
HERBS AS HEALTH FOOD
• Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of- Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants,
Probiotics, Pre-biotics, Bietary fibres, Omega-3 Fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids,
Soya and Garlic
CHAPTER 11
HERBAL FORMULATIONS
• Introduction to Herbal Formulation
CHAPTER 12
HERBAL COSMETICS
• Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and
cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary
oil, Sandal Wood oil
CHAPTER 13
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTICATION OF DRUGS
• Introduction to Phytochemical investigation
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SYLLABUS INTRODUCTION (as per ER2020)
Human Anatomy is the study of the body's structures, Physiology is the study of how those structures work.
Why Human Anatomy and Physiology in this course ?
To give basic knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various systems of the human body.
Course Objectives
- Structure and functions of the various organ systems and organs of the human body
- Homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances in the human body
- Various vital physiological parameters of the human body and their significances
Course Outcomes
- Describe the various organ systems of the human body
- Discuss the anatomical features of the important human organs and tissues
- Explain the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the normal physiology in the human system
- Discuss the significance of various vital physiological parameters of the human body
CHAPTER 1
Scope &Terminologies of Human Anatomy & Physiology:
- Scope of Anatomy and Physiology,
- Definition of various terminologies
CHAPTER 2
Structure of Cell:
Components and its functions
CHAPTER 3
Tissues of the human body:
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues
– their sub-types and characteristics.
CHAPTER 4
Osseous system:
- Structure and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton.
- Classification, types and movements of joints, disorders of joints
CHAPTER 5
Haemopoietic system:
– Composition and functions of blood
– Process of Hemopoiesis
– Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
– Mechanism of Blood Clotting
– Importance of Blood groups
CHAPTER 6
Lymphatic system:
– Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation.
– Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node.
CHAPTER 7
Cardiovascular system:
– Anatomy and Physiology of heart
-Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation)
– Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG
– Blood pressure and its regulation
CHAPTER 8
Respiratory system:
– Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions.
– Regulation, and Mechanism of respiration.
– Respiratory volumes and capacities – definitions
CHAPTER 9
Digestive system:
– Anatomy and Physiology of the GIT
– Anatomy and functions of accessory glands
– Physiology of digestion and absorption
CHAPTER 10
Skeletal muscles:
– Histology
– Physiology of muscle contraction
– Disorder of skeletal muscles
CHAPTER 11
Nervous system:
– Classification of nervous system
– Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, mid brain
– Function of hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia
– Spinal cord-structure and reflexes
– Names and functions of cranial nerves.
-Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)
CHAPTER 12
Sense organs:
Anatomy and physiology of –
- a) Eye b) Ear c) Skin d) Tongue e)Nose
CHAPTER 13
Urinary system:
– Anatomy and physiology of urinary system
– Physiology of urine formation
– Renin – angiotensin system
– Clearance tests and micturition
CHAPTER 14
Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions):
– Pituitary gland
– Adrenal gland
– Thyroid and parathyroid gland
– Pancreas and gonads
CHAPTER 15
Reproductive system
– Anatomy of male and female reproductive system
– Physiology of menstruation
– Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
– Pregnancy and parturition
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS INTRODUCTION (as per ER2020)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry is the most important branch of Pharmacy. It includes everything about the processes of drug development and distribution. The pharmaceutical industry is expanding day by day with the growth of medical fields worldwide.
Why Pharmaceutical chemistry in this course ?
This course is designed to provide basic knowledge on the chemical structure, storage conditions and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals. Also, this course discusses the impurities, quality control aspects of chemical substances used in pharmaceuticals.
Course Objectives
This course will discuss the following aspects of the chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals for various disease conditions:
- Chemical classification, chemical name, chemical structure
- Pharmacological uses, doses, stability &storage conditions
- Different types of formulations / dosage form available and their brand names
- Impurity testing and basic quality control tests.
Course Outcome
Upon successful completion of course, the students will be able to –
- Describe the chemical class, structure and chemical name of the commonly used drugs and pharmaceuticals of both organic and inorganic nature
- Discuss the pharmacological uses, dosage regimen, stability issues and storage conditions of all such chemical substances commonly used as drugs
- Describe the quantitative and qualitative analysis, impurity testing of the chemical substances given in the official monographs
- Identify the dosage form & the brand names of the drugs and pharmaceuticals popular in the marketplace
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives
Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures
Impurities in Pharmaceuticals:
Source and effect of impurities in pharmacopoieal substances,
importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for
chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic.
CHAPTER 2
Volumetric analysis:
Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, nonaqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric
titration, redox titration
Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method.
CHAPTER 3
Inorganic Pharmaceuticals:
Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage
conditions and uses of –
• Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric
ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron
• Gastro-intestinal Agents: Antacids : Aluminium hydroxide gel,
Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium
Carbonate, Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics
• Topical agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine
Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder,
Potassium permanganate
• Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture
cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouthwashes
• Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen
CHAPTER 4
• Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular
reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to 3 rings
• Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to
classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*)
uses, stability &storage conditions, different types of formulations& their
popular brand names
CHAPTER 5
DRUGS ACTING ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Propofol
• Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital
• Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Haloperidol, Risperidone,
Sulpiride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone
• Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid,
Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine
• Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Imipramine Hydrochloride,
Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram,
Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine
CHAPTER 6
DRUGS ACTING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sympathomimetic Agents:
Direct Acting: Nor-Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine, Terbutaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol),
Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline.
Indirect Acting Agents: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine.
Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol
Adrenergic Antagonists:
Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Tolazoline, Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin.
Beta Adrenergic Blockers: Propranolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol
Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents:
Direct Acting Agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol, and Pilocarpine. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine, Edrophonium
Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Echothiopate Iodide
Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Atropine Sulphate, Ipratropium Bromide
Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine
Hydrochloride
CHAPTER 7
DRUGS ACTING ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride,
Verapamil, Phenytoin Sodium, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Lorcainide Hydrochloride,
Amiodarone and Sotalol
• Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Propranolol, Captopril,Ramipril, Methyldopate
Hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine,
• Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate
CHAPTER 8
Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide,
Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone
CHAPTER 9
Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its preparations, Metformin, Glibenclamide,
Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins
CHAPTER 10
• Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists;
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) – Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Piroxicam,
Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol, Aceclofenac
CHAPTER 11
Anti-Infective Agents
• Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Naftifine
Hydrochloride
• Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin,
• Anti-Tubercular Agents: INH, Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid,
Pretomanid
• Antiviral Agents: Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Foscarnet, Zidovudine,Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir
• Antimalarials: Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate, Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine,
Artemisinin
• Sulfonamides: Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide, Mafenide Acetate, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone
CHAPTER 12
Antibiotics:
Penicillins: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline,
Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin,
Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol* Clindamycin
CHAPTER 13
Anti-Neoplastic Agents:
Cyclophosphamide, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine,
Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin,
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate,
Cisplatin, Dromostanolone Propionate
SOCIAL PHARMACY SYLLABUS INTRODUCTION (as per ER2020)
Social pharmacy can be considered to consist of all the social factors that influence medicine use, such as:
MEDICINE RELATED BELIEFS
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ETHICS AND BEHAVIOR
WHY SOCIAL PHARMACY IN THIS COURSE ?
To impart basic knowledge on public health, epidemiology, preventive care, and other social health related concepts and also, to emphasize the roles of pharmacists in the public health programs.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
This course will discuss about basic concepts of: –
- Public health and national health programs.
- Preventive healthcare.
- Food and nutrition related health issues.
- Health education and health promotion.
- General roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in public health.
CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY)
- PART 1
Definition and scope of social pharmacy, social pharmacy as a discipline and its scope in improving the public health. role of pharmacists in public health.
- PART 2
Concept of Health -WHO Definition, various dimensions, determinants, and health indicators.
- PART 3
-National Health Policy – Indian perspective
-Public and Private Health System in India, National Health Mission
-Introduction to Millennium Development Goals,
-Sustainable Development Goals, FIP(International Pharmaceutical Federation) Development Goals
CHAPTER 2 (PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE MEASURE)
- PART 1
-Demographic cycle
-Various method of family planning
-Role of pharmacist in family planning
- PART 2
-Mother and child health, importance of breastfeeding,
-ill effects of infant milk substitutes and bottle feeding
- PART 3
-Overview of Vaccines,
-Types of immunity and immunization
- PART 4
-Effect of Environment on Health: Water pollution, importance of safe drinking water, waterborne diseases, air pollution, noise pollution, sewage and solid waste disposal, occupational illnesses, Environmental pollution due to pharmaceuticals.
- PART 5
-Psychosocial Pharmacy: Drugs of misuse and abuse – psychotropics, narcotics, alcohol, and tobacco products. Social Impact of these habits on social health and productivity and suicidal behaviors.
CHAPTER 3
- PART 1
-Basics of nutrition – Macronutrients and Micronutrients
- PART 2
-Importance of water and fibers in diet.
-Balanced diet,
-Malnutrition,
-Nutrition deficiency diseases,
-Ill effects of junk foods,
-Calorific and nutritive values of various foods,
-Fortification of food.
- PART 3
-Introduction to food safety,
-Adulteration of foods,
-Effects of artificial ripening,
-Use of pesticides,
-Genetically modified foods
-Dietary supplements,
-Nutraceuticals,
-Food supplements – indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions
CHAPTER 4 (MICROBIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY)
- Introduction To Microbiology And Common Micro-organisms.
- Epidemiology:
-Introduction To Epidemiology, And Its Applications.
-Understanding Of Terms Such As:
-Epidemic,
-Pandemic,
-Endemic,
-Mode Of Transmission,
-Outbreak, Quarantine,
-Isolation,
-Incubation Period,
-Contact Tracing,
-Morbidity,
-Mortality.
CHAPTER 5 (CONCEPT OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE)
- PART 1
-Types of disease,
-Mode of Transmission of disease
-Respiratory infections – chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, influenza
(including Avian-Flu, H1N1, SARS, MERS, COVID-19), diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcal meningitis, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, Ebola
- PART 2
-Intestinal infections: poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, acute diarrheal diseases, typhoid, amebiasis, worm infestations, food poisoning
- PART 3
-Arthropod-borne infections: dengue, malaria, Filariasis and, chikungunya
- PART 4
-Surface infections – trachoma, tetanus, leprosy
- PART 5
-STDs, HIV/AIDS
CHAPTER 6
-Introduction to health system and all ongoing National Health care programs in India, their objectives, Functioning, outcome, and the role of pharmacists.
CHAPTER 7
Pharmacoeconomics – Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of Pharmacoeconomics